Condenser for cooling aeriform fluids.



H. E. COLE! CONDENSER FOR COOLING AERIFORM FLUIDSu APPLICATION FILEDMWS. 191k I Pmmtedi July 3, 191? 1 FFTQED HOWARD E. OOLE, OF ZOKOHAMA,JAPAN, ASSIGNOR TO STANDARD OIL COMPANY, OF

BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

marines.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Orginal application filed October 4, 1907, Serial No. 395,855. Dividedand this application filed April 3,

' T at? whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HOWARD E. COLE, a citizen of the United States,formerly residing at Cleveland, in the county of Guyahoga and State ofOhio, and now residing at #8 Blind, in the city of Yokohama, Em

to appliances for cooling aeriform fluids in order to reduce them atleast in part to the liquid state; and a condenser embodylng theinvention in what is considered its best and most complete form canadvantageously be used in apparatus for obtaining naphtha from naturalgas, as set forth in my application of October 4:, 1907, No. 395,855, of

. which the present application is a division and continuation, thedivision being made solely in consequence of oificial requirement. Suchcondenser, as well as each of its new, useful and original parts,improvements and combinations, is intended to be secured hereby for allthe uses to which it can be applied, with or without modification.

Tn the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a plan view of such condenser;and

Fig. 2 is a view of the same in vertical longitudinal section. V

A. large number of pipes e extend in the same direction between headersf f and which may not always apply, the pipesare shown as somewhatcurved. They are placed side by side in aplane which is more nearlyhorizontal than vertical, thus constituting a horizontally disposed asdistinguished from a vertically disposed condenser. They are inclineddownward toward the condenser outlet, so that liquid of condensationflows with, instead of against, the gas current. The ends of headers jwhich receive the gas at the inlet ends (or right hand ends as Fig. l asshown).

her of Serial No. 818,548.

shown) of pipes e are turned in one direction (toward the bottom ofFig.1 as shown) while the ends of headers f which deliver the gas at theoutlet ends (or left hand ends as shown) of said pipes e are turned inthe opposite direction (toward the top of Thus the distance .between aninlet by every one of the parallel pipes e between the same pair ofheaders; and the condenser consequently has the gas distribu tionequalized among its parallel pipes.

, The pipes e are divided into groups with their appropriate headers; soas to compose a condenser of parallel sections as distiir gu'ished fromone of a single section only .with all of its pipes extended as onegroup between headers. Each of the parallel sec tions is provided withits corresponding valved gas inlet pipe 9' and valved gas out let pipeit," so that any sectionor sections can be cut out by closing its valves(indicated at 40 and 41 respectively), in order to allow repairs to bemade or some other purpose to be accomplished without stopping the flowof gas through the other sections. The number of sections and thenumpipes to each section can be varied. I have, for example, installed acondeiiser of eight sections with six sin-inch pipes (each 506 feet inlength) to the section; be cause, in my opinion, it best met theconditionsof such installation. lln order best to equalize the gasdistribution between the difierent sections, located as shown in or nearthe same horizontal plane, the headers at each end of the condenser areoflset with respect to each other, so as to be at different distancesfrom the horizontal line through the center of the condenser at rightangles to the pipes c. The pipe group whose inlet header is nearer tosaid line has its outlet header proportionately more distant therefrom,and conversely. Further, the pipes 9 it are connected with headers Q170, on oppositesides of the condenser, parallel (or approximately so)with pipes e, the pipes Z m being connected with opposite .ends oftheheaders a" It.

Three walls of the containing chamber for the cooling liquid of thecondenser are shown at '97, a and t. The chamber is of small depth, assquare of whose great horizontal area and distinguished from one the gand an outlet it is the same I Patented July a, rear.

til

. tinguished from sons.

ving chamber of the condenser embody each of earth or like material.

built on or above depth equals or exceeds its cubic contents of thechamber are large by reason of its extended horizontal area. As shown,it is formed in the natural bed of a creek, the walls 1' 15 beingnatural banks and the walls a dam of any desired construction. Thechamber shown is thus earthen'walled, that'is to say, a chamber whosewalls are mainly (or at least largely, if not wholly) composed of earthor like material, as brick-Work or masonry, as disone whose walls aresubstantially all of wood or metal. The chamber would-be substantiallyearthen walled, even if the dam should not itself'be earthen; althoughshould not itself be substantially composed The chamber as distinguishedfrom one the surface of the ground. As shown, it IS wholly below theordinary ground level; but the feature of a sunken chamber would notrequire that it should be wholly below such level. It is, at leastlargely, a naturally existing, as distin guished from an artificiallyformed, chamber; although this feature does not exclude more or lessartificial construction. The dam s, for example, represents anartificial structure as shown. The chamber shown is, moreover,constituted by the bed of a natural water course; which last expressionis used herein to include both streams and lakes, and also depressionswhich naturally hold, or are likely naturally to hold, water at certaintimes or seasons, although dry or liable to become dry at other times orsea- It is of advantage that the containshown is sunken,

and all of these features; but a' chamber to embody all of them may notalways be available, or considered expedient to employ it, if available..In such cases it will ordinarily at least be advantageous to employ acontaining chamber which shall embody as many of said features aspracticable.

' By employing a portion of a creek for the containing chamber thelatter can be supplied in the easiest manner (possible with thenecessary coollng water or with part of it, at least); and it will ingeneral be advantageous to arrange the containing chamber with referenceto a naturally ex-,

isting source of water, as astream, a spring, or the like, so that partat least of the cooling water will enter said chamber by gravity and theotherwise necessary elevation artificially of the water into the chamberwill be avoided. In the drawing the long unfeathered arrows show thedirection of flow of the creek. The short feathered arrows indicate flowof gas; and the short unfeathered arrows show companying or separatedfrom the gas.

said area. The

there is no reason why the dam for some reason it may not be' prisestringers 9 and flow of liquid ac- The system of pipes e and headers f fin the containing chamber 1" s it rests on pillars u o w, best ofconcrete (artificial stone), with interposition of wear pieces as y 2and with anchoring devices 2 and 3 which allow said system to expand andcontract with variations of temperature while insuring the retention ofthe pipes and headers on their pillars; and the outlet pipes it restupon the pillars it. These pillars are T-shaped in plan, each headerresting onthat portion of the pillar which forms the head of the T andthe stem of each T forming an upstream wing wall upon which one or moreoutlet pipes 72. are supported. The intermediate portions of the pipes eare supported by the pillars 'v.

The outlet (upstream) headers f l The inlet (downstream) headers f andthe V inlet pipes 9 rest upon the pillars w. These pillars are T-shapedin plan, the inlet headers resting on the head portions of the T-shapedpillars and the inlet pipes 9 resting upon the downstream Wing wallswhich form the stems of the T-shaped structures. These wing walls can bedivided, if desired, into distinct pillars, as shown for one of those atthe right of Fig. 1. The wear pieces a: underlie the inlet and outletpipes g h. The wear pieces 3 underlie the headers The wear pieces aunderlie the intermediate portions of the pipes. The pieces a: and 2 maywell be in the form of railroad rails anchored in the concrete of thepillars a v w; and the pieces 3 may well be in the form of iron castingswith downwardly directed ends to fit over the tops of the pil lars u w.Y

Each of the upstream headers is loosely inclosed by a strap 2; and atpipes c are loosely inclosed by straps ,3. The ends of straps 2 and 3are anchored in the concrete of pillars a and 4), respectively.

To protect the system of pipes e and headers 7 f against freshets andfrom float ing objects at any time guards are provided. Those upstreamcomprise (as stringers 4, 5 and 7 and two inch planks 8; which latterslope up from the bottom of ereekbed in the direction of the current andcover the upstream headers and the outlet pipes 71. and are fastened to'the stringers. For the down stream end the guards complanks 11, whichlatter cover the inlet pipes g and are fastened to the stringers; andthere is alsoshown an intervals the shown) additional section'of planks12,;which slope As shown, the stringers} I 5 rest upon and memos i Asecured by stud bolts anchored in the concrete; and the stringers 9 restupon the wear pieces a; or upon blocks .92 of similar height and securedby stud bolts 10 anchored in the v tober 4, 1907, No. 395,855,specialhquid sep- Y the corresponding pipe 9 is compensated guards.

concrete of pillars w. At 13 is shown, a protecting wall; and the headeri is placed in a suitably walled chamber, say of con crete. The ipes itshould have provisions of any suita 1e description for enabling theliquid condensed in pipes e and the uncondensed gas to be separated fromeach other. A pipe 23 is shOWn below pipes 72, and connected with themby draw on pipes having valves 42 for carrying as the condensed liquid.In the aforesaid application of Doarating appliances are shown in pipesh with draw ofl's leading to a-similar pipe 23;

but the combination of said special appliances with a condenser has beenofficially tances of pipes g from pipe; being com pensated for by thereversely d1sposedvar1-- ant distances between the pipes h and the pipem. The difi'erence in pressure due to the different distances of theipes 0 connected with each downstream lieader from for by, the reverselydisposed variant distances of said pipes e from the corresponding pipeit at the upstream end of thesystem. Equal streams of gas thus passthrough the pipes e immersed in the stream flowing through chamber r st; and the gas is thus uniformly brought nearly (it not quite) ,to thetemperature of the creek water. Liquid of condensation as shownaccompanies the as into the pipes h and is drawn off throng the pipe 23;and uncondensed gas passes on by header/b and pipe m. The system issupported, held in place by the pillars, straps and and protected Iclaim hereinasmy invention. or discovery: T

condenser composed of (1 a number of groups of condensing pipes with aninlet header and an outlet header at the respec v tive ends ofeach groupof condensing pipes, (2)- gas inlet pipes ofvarying lengths lead- A ingeach of them to one of said inlet headers,

i and (3) gas outlet pipes of varying lengths leading each of them from,one of said .out-

let headers, the respectivelengths of'said in .reference 'toone another,inlet connecting .let and outlet pipes being so adjusted that thecombined length of the pipes leading to and from headers of the samepair is the same for all the pairs ot headers, substantiallyflS-dBSC11bBd..

2. A condenser composed oi (1) a numberof groups of condensing pipes alllocated side by side in the same plane with a trans'- verse inlet headerand a transverse outlet header at the'respective ends of each group ofcondensing pipes located all of them in the same plane with the latter,(2) a supply header located in said plane parallel with I saidcondensing pipes, (3) a discharge header located in said plane parallelwith sald condensing pipes, (A) gas inlet pipes'ott varying lengthsleading each of them from said supply header to one of said transverse.

inlet headers, and (5) gas outlet pipes of varying lengths leading eachof them from one of said transverse outlet headers to said dischargeheaders, the respectivelengths of said inlet and outlet pipes being soadjusted that the combined length of the pipes leading to and fromheaders of the same pair is the same for all the pairs of headers,substantially as described.

3. A multitubular sectional condenser composed of parallel pipes ingroups which are arranged in the same plane, headers connected each ofthem with a group of pipes at one end of said group and ofl'set withreference. to one another, and connecting pipes arranged in the sameplane with said pipe groups and headers and each of them joined to theend of a header, this arrangement of said connecting pipes beingpermitted by said ofisetting of the headers, 'substantially asdescribed.

4. A multitubular sectional condenser composed of parallel pipes ingroups which are arranged in the same plane, inlet headers connectedeach of them withthe inlet ends of a group of pipes and ofiset withpipes arranged in the same plane with sai pipe groups and inlet headersand each of them joined to the end of an inlet header,

order to said inlet headers, and outlet connecting pipes arranged in thesame plane with said pipe groups and outlet headers and each of themjoined to the end of an outlet header on the opposite side of saidcondenser to that on which the inlet connections are located,substantially as de scribed.

5. A multitubular sectional condenser composed. ofa system'of parallelpipes in groups and headers for the respective groups offset withreference to one another, in combination with transverse pipes for thegas outlet headers connected each of them with the outlet ends ofa'group of pipes and ofiset with reference to one another in reverseinlets and outlets, and headers located on 13 opposite sides of saidparallel pipes at opposite ends of the condenser and connected with theadjacent ends of the headers first nientioned by said transverse pipes,substantially as described.

6. The combination with a system of horizontally disposed condenserpipes self supporting in the spaces bridged thereby, and horizontallydisposed headers at the ends of said condenser pipes offset relativelyto each other, of supporting pillars T-shaped in plan and arranged withthe heads of said memos T-shaped pillars under the headers and the stemsthereof extending outward, that is, away from the condenser pipes, andtransverse pipes leading to or from said headers and overlying the stemportions of said T- shaped pillars, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

. HOWARD E. COLE.

Witnesses:

H. B. ALBRIGHT,

GENJI KURIBARA.

